row_input的使用:

>>> name=raw_input("please input your name:")please input your name:xiaobai>>> name'xiaobai'

编写小程序,询问用户姓名,性别,年龄,工作,工资,以格式化的方式输出:

Information of company stuff:

Name:

Age:

Sex:

Job:

代码:

[root@nfs-server ~]# vim information_of_stuff.py   #!/bin/pythonname=raw_input("Please input your name:")age=raw_input("Please input your age:")sex=raw_input("Please input your sex:")job=raw_input("Please input your job:")print '''==============================Information of company stuff:Name: %sAge: %sSex: %sJob: %s=============================='''%(name,age,sex,job)

执行:

[root@nfs-server ~]# python information_of_stuff.pyPlease input your name:xiaobaiPlease input your age:25Please input your sex:malePlease input your job:engineer==============================Information of company stuff:Name: xiaobaiAge: 25Sex: maleJob: engineer==============================

输入一个0~100直接的数字让用户猜,并且猜测次数不能大于三次。

[root@nfs-client2 ~]# vim guess_num.py   #!/bin/pythonimport osos.system('clear')                  #执行时先清屏real_num=int(raw_input("please input the real_num from 0 to 100:"))os.system('clear')                  #输入让用户猜的数字后清屏retry_count=0                       #设定循环关闭条件while retry_count<3:                #后面加冒号        guess_num=int(raw_input("Please input a number from 0 to 100:"))        if guess_num>real_num:                print "Wrong! Please try smaller!"                retry_count+=1       #自增        elif guess_num

Python不像shell,没有fi循环关闭符号,而是通过缩进控制代码层级,同一级代码缩进应保持一致,if和else不属于同一级,缩进不同也可执行,但不符合书写规范。

raw_input输入的是字符串,字符串与数字比较时会自动转为ASCII值进行比较,因此要使用int将其转换为整数类型,break为跳出循环。

ord:将字符串转换为ASCII对应的值。

>>> print ord("a")97>>> print ord("1") 49

优化代码,以上代码输入回车或字符串会报错,且数字不是随机值,需要优化。

[root@nfs-client2 ~]# vim guess_num.py   #!/bin/pythonimport osimport randomos.system('clear')real_num=random.randrange(100)os.system('clear')retry_count=0while retry_count<3:        guess_num=raw_input("Please input a number from 0 to 100:").strip() #去空格回车        if len(guess_num)==0:            #判断字符串长度是否为0                continue        if guess_num.isdigit():          #判断是否全为数字                guess_num=int(guess_num)        else:                print "You should input a number instead of string!"                continue                 #跳出当前循环,进行下一次循环        if guess_num>real_num:                print "Wrong! Please try smaller!"        elif guess_num

.strip()表示将输入的空格和回车去掉;

len(guess_num)表示计算字符串的长度;

continue表示跳出当前循环,进行下一次循环;

isdigit()表示判断是否全是数字;

将上述循环更改为for循环:

[root@nfs-client2 ~]# vim guess_num_for.py    #!/bin/pythonimport osimport randomos.system('clear')real_num=random.randrange(100)os.system('clear')for i in range(3):        guess_num=raw_input("Please input a number from 0 to 100:").strip()        if len(guess_num)==0:                continue        if guess_num.isdigit():                guess_num=int(guess_num)        else:                print "You should input a number instead of string!"                continue        if guess_num>real_num:                print "Wrong! Please try smaller!"        elif guess_num

range为数组,其参数分别为起始值,末尾值,步长。

>>> range(10)[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]>>> range(2,10,2)[2, 4, 6, 8]>>> range(2,20,5)[2, 7, 12, 17]

设计一个多层循环,用户输入密码正确的话进入目录进行选择,并能退出循环。

[root@nfs-client2 ~]# cat mulit_loop.py    #!/bin/pythonpasswd="test"logout=False            #加跳出的flagfor i in range(3):    password=raw_input("Please input your password:").strip()    if len(password)==0:        continue    if password==passwd:        print "Welcome to login!"        while True:            user_select=raw_input('''            ====================================            Please input a number to continue            1.Send files;            2.Send emalis;            3.exit this level;            4.exit the whole loop.            ====================================            ''').strip()            user_select=int(user_select)            if user_select==1:                print "Sending files as you wish!"            if user_select==2:                print "Sending emails as you wish!"            if user_select==3:                print "Exit this level,please re-input the password!"                break            if user_select==4:                print "Ok, let's have a break!"                logout=True                break        if logout==True:            break